What is the inferior vena cava (IVC) and what does it do?

The inferior vena cava is the largest and widest vein in the body. It collects deoxygenated blood from all structures below the diaphragm and delivers it to the right atrium of the heart.

Where does the inferior vena cava begin and end?

The IVC begins at the union of the right and left common iliac veins in front of the L5 vertebra. It ascends through the abdomen and diaphragm, terminating in the right atrium of the heart at the T8 level.

What are the major tributaries (veins that drain into) the inferior vena cava?

Major tributaries include common iliac veins (formative), renal veins, hepatic veins, and right suprarenal and gonadal veins. Note that left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the left renal vein first.

How does the inferior vena cava relate to nearby organs and structures?

The IVC has important anterior relations like the duodenum, pancreas, and liver, and posterior relations like the right renal artery and sympathetic chain. It ascends to the right of the aorta.

What are some clinical conditions associated with the inferior vena cava?

Clinical issues include compression in pregnancy, which can cause leg edema and varicose veins, and retroperitoneal tumor compression, which may lead to blockage and collateral shunts.

Why is the inferior vena cava important in the circulatory system?

It is crucial for returning deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the heart, ensuring proper circulation. Disruptions can lead to significant symptoms like swelling and varicose veins.

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) – Course & Tributaries