What are the embryological sources of the liver?

The liver develops from three embryological sources: parenchyma from the endodermal hepatic bud of the foregut, fibrous stroma from the mesenchyme of the septum transversum, and sinusoids from broken and absorbed vitelline and umbilical veins.

How does the hepatic bud contribute to liver and gallbladder development?

The hepatic bud divides into three parts: pars hepatica forms the right and left liver lobes, pars cystica forms the gallbladder and cystic duct, and the proximal part forms the common bile duct (CBD).

What are some common congenital anomalies of the liver?

Common liver anomalies include Riedel’s lobe (an extension of the right lobe), polycystic liver disease (failure of bile canaliculi connection), intrahepatic biliary atresia (fatal without transplant), and Caroli’s disease (biliary dilation).

How do gallbladder and biliary duct anomalies develop?

Gallbladder and biliary duct anomalies develop from issues like agenesis of the gallbladder (failure of pars cystica), atresia of ducts (causing jaundice), choledochal cysts (weak duct walls), and shape anomalies such as Phrygian cap.

What is the clinical significance of accessory ducts in the biliary system?

Accessory ducts are extra bile ducts that, if not identified during surgery, can cause bile leaks after procedures like cholecystectomy, highlighting the need for careful anatomical assessment.

When does bile secretion begin during fetal development?

Bile secretion starts by the 12th week of intrauterine life, indicating functional liver development during fetal growth.

Liver & Biliary Development – Hepatic Bud