What are the basic properties of X-rays used in radiography?

X-rays have four key properties: penetrating power to pass through tissues (with denser structures like bone absorbing more), photographic effect to expose films and create radiographs, fluorescent effect used in fluoroscopy for real-time viewing, and biological effect that can damage cells, making them useful in radiotherapy.

What is the difference between AP and PA views in radiography?

In AP view, X-rays enter from the front, making posterior structures clearer. In PA view, X-rays enter from the back, making anterior structures clearer; this view is preferred for chest X-rays to reduce heart magnification. The part closer to the X-ray plate always casts a sharper image.

What are the main types of contrast media used in radiography?

Contrast media include radiopaque agents like barium sulfate for the GIT and iodine compounds for urinary/vascular studies, radiolucent agents like air or gases for brain ventricles or serous cavities, and double contrast that combines barium with air to enhance mucosal detail in the GIT.

What are some common contrast radiography studies and their uses?

Common studies include barium meal to outline the stomach and duodenum for ulcers, barium enema to visualize the colon for cancer or IBD, pyelogram to image the urinary system via iodine injection, and hysterosalpingogram to evaluate uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertility cases.

What are the key safety principles for radiation protection in radiography?

Key principles include the ALARA principle (keeping doses As Low As Reasonably Achievable), using protective gear like lead aprons, and following the 10-day rule for abdominal/pelvic radiographs in reproductive-age women. Avoid unnecessary exposures, especially during pregnancy, to minimize risks like burns or cancer.

How does fluoroscopy differ from plain radiography?

Fluoroscopy uses real-time X-ray viewing via fluorescence, making it ideal for observing moving structures like the lungs or GI tract. In contrast, plain radiography is a basic X-ray without contrast, best for static images of bones, lungs, or sinuses.

What tissues are most sensitive to radiation damage?

Radiosensitivity decreases in this order: lymphocytes are most sensitive, followed by white blood cells, gonadal cells, GI/skin epithelium, muscle, bone, and nervous tissue. This knowledge helps in minimizing exposure to vulnerable tissues during procedures.

Plain Radiography (X-ray) – Principles & Uses

❓ Frequently Asked Questions