What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

The respiratory system manages breathing and gas exchange. Its key functions include ventilation (inhalation and exhalation), gas exchange between air and blood, transport of gases in the bloodstream, and cellular respiration.

What are the anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

It is divided into the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavities and pharynx) and the lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs).

What is the difference between the conducting and respiratory portions?

The conducting portion (from nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles) transports air, while the respiratory portion (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli) is where gas exchange occurs.

What are the parts of the pharynx and their functions?

The pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx (for air passage, connects to the middle ear), oropharynx (shared passage for air and food, contains tonsils), and laryngopharynx (directs air to the larynx and food to the esophagus).

What structures are found in the larynx?

The larynx contains 9 cartilages (3 unpaired: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis; 3 paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform) and vocal cords (true cords for sound production, false cords for protection).

How does the trachea maintain an open airway?

The trachea has C-shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings that keep it patent, preventing collapse during breathing.

What are the key differences between bronchi and bronchioles?

Bronchi have cartilage and branch into lobar and segmental types, while bronchioles lack cartilage and include terminal bronchioles as the last part of the conducting portion.

Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the lungs?

Gas exchange primarily occurs in the alveoli, which are part of the respiratory portion (including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs).

Respiratory System – Airways, Lungs & Gas Exchange

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