What are the main organs of the urinary system and their functions?

The urinary system includes the kidneys (form urine), ureters (transport urine), urinary bladder (stores urine), and urethra (eliminates urine).

How do the kidneys function to maintain homeostasis?

The kidneys maintain homeostasis by filtering blood to form urine, balancing water and electrolytes, and excreting metabolic waste such as urea and creatinine.

What is the structure of a nephron and why is it important?

A nephron is the kidney's functional unit, made up of a glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules, essential for urine formation and waste filtration.

What are the key differences between male and female urethras?

The female urethra is short (~4 cm) and opens into the vaginal vestibule, while the male urethra is longer and serves both urinary and reproductive functions.

How does the urinary bladder store and release urine?

The bladder stores urine in a muscular reservoir and releases it via the urethra, regulated by internal and external sphincters.

What clinical conditions are associated with the urinary system?

Clinical conditions include cystitis (bladder infection), kidney trauma (causing bleeding), and uvula vesicae (prostate obstruction in males).

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females?

Urinary tract infections are more common in females due to the shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

Urinary System – Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder & Urethra

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