Where does the ophthalmic artery originate from?

The ophthalmic artery arises from the internal carotid artery just as it exits the roof of the cavernous sinus near the optic canal.

What is the course of the ophthalmic artery through the orbit?

It enters the orbit via the optic canal, runs inferolateral to the optic nerve, ascends over it, crosses from lateral to medial, and follows a tortuous path along the medial wall. It terminates near the medial eye angle by dividing into supratrochlear and dorsal nasal arteries.

What are the main branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Key branches include the central artery of the retina (first and most important), lacrimal artery, posterior ciliary arteries, supraorbital artery, ethmoidal arteries (anterior and posterior), dorsal nasal and supratrochlear arteries, and medial palpebral arteries.

Why is the central artery of the retina clinically significant?

It is a terminal end artery, meaning occlusion can lead to sudden, total blindness on the affected side due to lack of collateral blood supply to the retina.

What structures does the lacrimal artery supply?

It supplies the lacrimal gland, eyelids, and conjunctiva, and gives off branches like lateral palpebral arteries and recurrent meningeal branches.

How does the ophthalmic artery relate to nerves in the orbit?

Its branches accompany corresponding branches of the ophthalmic nerve (e.g., nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal nerves) and supply orbital structures like extraocular muscles and the eyeball.

What is the function of the posterior ciliary arteries?

They pierce the sclera around the optic nerve to supply the choroid and sclera, supporting blood flow to the eye's posterior structures.

Ophthalmic Artery – Course, Branches & Retina

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