What is the profunda femoris artery and what is its main function?

The profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery. Its primary role is to serve as the chief blood supply to the muscles in all three compartments of the thigh.

Where does the profunda femoris artery originate and what is its course?

It originates from the lateral side of the femoral artery, about 4 cm below the inguinal ligament in the femoral triangle. Its course passes posterior to femoral vessels and through various muscles, ending by piercing the adductor magnus as the fourth perforating artery.

What are the major branches of the profunda femoris artery?

Key branches include the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, which contribute to anastomoses and supply the hip region, and four perforating arteries that pass through the adductor magnus to supply the posterior thigh.

What is the obturator artery and where does it come from?

The obturator artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It enters the adductor compartment through the obturator canal and divides into medial and lateral branches.

What is a key clinical concern related to the profunda femoris artery?

It lies close to the femoral shaft, making it vulnerable to injury in femoral fractures or during orthopedic procedures like screw or plate placement.

What is an abnormal variant of the obturator artery and why is it important?

In about 30% of individuals, the obturator artery arises from the inferior epigastric artery via a large pubic anastomosis. This variant is crucial to recognize during pelvic surgeries to avoid accidental injury.

Thigh Arteries – Profunda Femoris & Obturator