What are the main joints involved in inversion and eversion of the foot?

The main joints for inversion and eversion are the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints, with the transverse tarsal joint acting as an accessory. These allow rotational movements essential for walking on uneven surfaces.

Which muscles produce inversion and eversion of the foot?

Inversion is primarily produced by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior, with accessory roles from FHL and FDL. Eversion is produced by peroneus longus, brevis, and tertius.

What is the difference between inversion and eversion?

Inversion raises the medial border of the foot, turning the sole medially with about 30° range. Eversion raises the lateral border, turning the sole laterally with about 20° range. These are rotational movements around an oblique axis through the talus.

What types of joints are found in the foot?

The foot contains various synovial joints: intertarsal joints (e.g., plane, ball-and-socket, saddle types), tarsometatarsal joints (plane type), metatarsophalangeal joints (ellipsoidal), and interphalangeal joints (hinge).

What movements occur at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

These joints allow dorsiflexion (50–60°), plantar flexion (30–40°), adduction, and abduction. Adduction and abduction are based on an axis through the second metatarsal.

How are the tarsometatarsal joints structured?

They are plane synovial joints between distal tarsals and metatarsal bases, connected by dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments. They are grouped into three synovial cavities (1st, 2nd-3rd, and 4th-5th joints) and permit minimal gliding.

What is the functional importance of inversion and eversion?

These movements are crucial for walking on uneven surfaces, providing stability and adaptability. During weight-bearing, they correspond to supination (inversion-like) and pronation (eversion-like).

Foot Joints – Subtalar, Midtarsal & MTP

❓ Frequently Asked Questions