What is the cervical plexus formed by?

The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves (C1–C4). These rami connect through loop-like structures, creating a plexus of loops.

Where is the cervical plexus located in the neck?

It is situated on the levator scapulae and scalenus medius muscles, deep to the prevertebral fascia. It lies beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the internal jugular vein.

What are the main branches of the cervical plexus?

The branches are divided into superficial (cutaneous) branches that supply skin of the neck, scalp, and shoulder, and deep branches that include muscular branches to neck muscles and communicating branches with other nerves.

Which nerves are part of the superficial branches of the cervical plexus?

The superficial branches include the lesser occipital nerve (C2), great auricular nerve (C2, C3), transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3), and supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4).

What muscles are innervated by the deep branches of the cervical plexus?

Deep muscular branches innervate various neck muscles, such as rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis and colli, strap muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve.

How does the cervical plexus communicate with other nerves?

It has communicating branches that connect with grey rami communicantes from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, the hypoglossal nerve via C1, and the spinal accessory nerve via branches from C3–C4.

What is the role of the phrenic nerve in relation to the cervical plexus?

The phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus (primarily C3, C4) and is crucial for innervating the diaphragm, which is essential for breathing.

Cervical Plexus (C1–C4) – Branches & Innervation

❓ Frequently Asked Questions