What are the key differences between typical and atypical cervical vertebrae?

Typical cervical vertebrae (C3–C6) have a small body, bifid spinous process, and a transverse process with a foramen transversarium. Atypical vertebrae include the Atlas (C1) which is ring-shaped with no body, the Axis (C2) with its distinctive dens, and the Vertebra Prominens (C7) with a long, non-bifid spine.

What is the function of the dens (odontoid process) on the axis (C2)?

The dens projects upward from the body of the axis. It articulates with the atlas (C1) to form the atlantoaxial joint, which allows for head rotation, and provides attachment points for important ligaments that stabilize the upper cervical spine.

Why is the atlas (C1) considered unique among vertebrae?

The atlas is ring-shaped and lacks a vertebral body and a true spinous process. Instead, it has lateral masses with superior facets that articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull, enabling the nodding motion of the head.

What is the clinical significance of the carotid tubercle on C6?

The large anterior tubercle of C6 is known as the carotid tubercle (Chassaignac’s tubercle). It serves as an anatomical landmark where the common carotid artery can be compressed to control bleeding or during certain medical procedures.

What is a Hangman's fracture and which vertebra is involved?

A Hangman's fracture is a fracture through the pars interarticularis of the axis (C2). It is typically caused by hyperextension trauma, such as in certain types of accidents, and can be a serious injury affecting spinal stability.

How does the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) differ from the typical cervical vertebrae?

C7, the vertebra prominens, has a long, thick, and non-bifid spinous process that is easily palpable at the base of the neck. Its foramen transversarium is small and transmits only an accessory vertebral vein, not the vertebral artery.

What are uncovertebral joints and where are they found?

Uncovertebral joints (or Luschka's joints) are formed by the beveled lateral edges of the vertebral bodies in the typical cervical vertebrae (C3–C6). They are common sites for osteophyte (bone spur) formation, which can contribute to cervical spondylosis.

Cervical Vertebrae – Atlas, Axis & Typical Features

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