What is the internal jugular vein and what does it drain?

The internal jugular vein is the largest vein in the neck. It drains blood from the brain and most structures of the head and neck, beginning as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus at the jugular foramen.

Where does the internal jugular vein start and end?

It starts at the jugular foramen as the continuation of the sigmoid sinus. It descends vertically to join the subclavian vein behind the sternoclavicular joint, forming the brachiocephalic vein.

What structures are found in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein?

The internal jugular vein is enclosed in the carotid sheath along with the internal/common carotid arteries and the vagus nerve. Deep cervical lymph nodes also lie along its course.

What are the key anatomical relations of the internal jugular vein?

Its relations include posterior structures like muscles, nerves, and arteries; anterior structures like muscles, arteries, and nerves; and medial structures like arteries and cranial nerves.

What are the main tributaries of the internal jugular vein?

Key tributaries include the inferior petrosal vein, pharyngeal veins, common facial vein, lingual vein, and superior and middle thyroid veins. The thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct also join near its termination.

Why is the internal jugular vein important clinically?

It serves as a surgical landmark for procedures like lymph node dissection and vein cannulation. Pathologies such as malignant nodes can adhere to it, and in conditions like mitral stenosis, a thrill may be detected near it.

How is the internal jugular vein used for cannulation?

Cannulation is performed safely at the apex of the lesser supraclavicular fossa, angled backward and upward to avoid complications like pneumothorax. This site is near the inferior bulb, which has valves.

Internal Jugular Vein – Course, Tributaries & Clinical Use

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