What is the anterior median region of the neck?

It is a vertical strip about 2–3 cm wide, extending from the symphysis menti (chin) down to the suprasternal notch (top of the breastbone). This area is divided into the suprahyoid region above the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid region below it, containing key structures for clinical examination and surgery.

What are the main structures palpated in the anterior median line of the neck?

Key palpable structures include, from top to bottom: symphysis menti (chin), hyoid bone at C3 level, thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) at T4 level, cricoid cartilage at C6 level, first tracheal ring and thyroid isthmus, and suprasternal notch at T2/T3 level. These serve as important anatomical landmarks.

Why is the hyoid bone an important landmark in the neck?

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped structure located at the C3 vertebral level. It divides the anterior median region into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid areas, making it a key reference point for anatomical orientation and clinical procedures.

What is the clinical significance of the cricoid cartilage?

The cricoid cartilage is located at the C6 vertebral level and serves as a crucial landmark for the larynx–trachea junction, the pharynx–esophagus junction, and the carotid tubercle (anterior tubercle of C6). It is often used in emergency airway access and surgical planning.

How is the thyroid cartilage identified in surface marking?

The thyroid cartilage is palpable as the upper border at the T4 vertebral level and the angle (laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple), which is more prominent in males. It connects to the hyoid bone via the median thyrohyoid ligament.

What structures are found near the suprasternal notch?

The suprasternal notch is palpable at the T2/T3 vertebral level and may overly the brachiocephalic vessels. Just above it, the jugular venous arch connects the anterior jugular veins, making this area important for vascular assessments.

What is the role of the median cricothyroid ligament?

The median cricothyroid ligament is a midline thickening between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. It is a critical site for emergency airway access (e.g., cricothyrotomy) due to its accessibility and location in the anterior neck.

Neck Surface Marking – Landmarks for Exam & Procedures

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