What is the subclavian vein and where is it located?

The subclavian vein is the principal vein of the upper limb. It runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle, lying below the subclavian artery and deep to the clavicle.

What are the key anatomical relations of the subclavian vein?

It has important structures around it: anteriorly, the clavicle and subclavius muscle; posteriorly, the subclavian artery, scalenus anterior, and phrenic nerve; and inferiorly, the first rib and cupola of pleura.

Which veins drain into the subclavian vein?

Its tributaries include the external jugular vein, dorsal scapular vein, thoracic duct (left side) or right lymphatic duct (right side), anterior jugular vein, and occasionally the cephalic vein.

What is subclavian vein catheterization and how is it performed?

It's a procedure for central venous access. Two common approaches are infraclavicular, with a needle inserted below the clavicle and directed upward and posterior, and supraclavicular, with a needle inserted at the junction of the SCM's clavicular head and clavicle and directed downward and medially.

What causes subclavian vein thrombosis and what are its signs?

Thrombosis can be primary, due to excessive arm use (effort thrombosis), or secondary, often from long-term indwelling catheters. Key signs include edema of the upper limb, especially after exercise.

How does the subclavian vein connect to other major veins?

It joins with the internal jugular vein at the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle to form the brachiocephalic vein, which eventually drains into the superior vena cava.

Subclavian Vein – Course & Central Line Access