What are the basal nuclei and what is their main function?

The basal nuclei are subcortical masses of grey matter located in the basal part of each cerebral hemisphere. Their primary role is in motor control, including modulating muscle tone and suppressing involuntary movements.

What are the anatomical components of the basal nuclei?

Anatomically, the basal nuclei include the corpus striatum, claustrum, and amygdaloid body. Functionally, they also involve the substantia nigra, red nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus.

How is the corpus striatum structured and what are its key parts?

The corpus striatum is divided by the internal capsule into the caudate nucleus, a C-shaped structure, and the lentiform nucleus, which includes the putamen and globus pallidus.

What is the role of the amygdaloid body in the basal nuclei?

The amygdaloid body is an almond-shaped grey matter structure located near the lateral ventricle. Though part of the basal nuclei anatomically, it is functionally related to the limbic system, involved in emotional processing.

What are the main functions of the basal nuclei in motor control?

The basal nuclei help in planning and programming voluntary movements, modulating speed and amplitude of movements, decreasing muscle tone, inhibiting unwanted activity, and smoothing voluntary motor actions.

How is Parkinsonism related to the basal nuclei?

Parkinsonism is a common basal ganglia disorder caused by dopamine deficiency from degeneration of the substantia nigra. Key features include resting tremors, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and shuffling gait.

What neurotransmitters are involved in basal nuclei function?

Key neurotransmitters in the basal nuclei include dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA. These chemicals help regulate signals for motor control and coordination.

Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) – Anatomy & Motor Control

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