What is the pons and where is it located?

The pons is a broad, transverse segment of the brainstem that acts as a bridge between the midbrain and medulla oblongata. It connects the two cerebellar hemispheres via the middle cerebellar peduncles.

Which cranial nerves are associated with the pons?

The pons is involved with several cranial nerves: the trigeminal nerve (V) emerges from its ventral surface, and the abducent (VI), facial (VII), and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves emerge at the pontomedullary junction.

What are the main internal parts of the pons?

The pons is divided into two major parts: the ventral (basilar) part contains longitudinal and transverse fibers like corticospinal and pontocerebellar fibers, along with pontine nuclei, and the dorsal (tegmental) part contains cranial nerve nuclei, ascending tracts, and structures like the trapezoid body.

What is Millard-Gubler syndrome and how does it relate to the pons?

Millard-Gubler syndrome results from a lesion in the lower pons, affecting the corticospinal tract and fibers of the abducent and facial nerves. It presents with ipsilateral medial squint, ipsilateral facial palsy, and contralateral hemiplegia.

How is the pons supplied with blood?

The pons receives its blood supply from the pontine branches of the basilar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA).

What are the key external features of the pons?

Key external features include a convex ventral surface with transverse striations and a basilar groove, and a dorsal surface that forms part of the fourth ventricle floor and is covered by the cerebellum.

Pons – Anatomy, CN Nuclei & Pontine Syndromes