What are the main types of nerves in the pelvis?

Pelvic nerves are divided into two main types: somatic nerves for voluntary motor and sensory functions, and autonomic nerves for involuntary control of pelvic organs.

What is the sacral plexus and what does it do?

The sacral plexus is a network formed by nerve roots L4, L5, S1–S4. It lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle and provides key motor, sensory, and autonomic outputs, including the sciatic and pudendal nerves.

What are the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from S2–S4 and are part of the sacral plexus. They provide parasympathetic outflow to pelvic organs and erectile tissue.

What is the function of the pudendal nerve?

The pudendal nerve originates from S2–S4 (ventral divisions) of the sacral plexus. It provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum and genitalia.

What are the inferior hypogastric plexuses?

Inferior hypogastric plexuses are autonomic nerve networks located beside the rectum. They are formed by sympathetic fibres from the superior hypogastric plexus, parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4), and visceral afferents.

What is the coccygeal plexus?

The coccygeal plexus is formed by nerve roots S4, S5, and the coccygeal nerve. It supplies the coccygeus muscle, part of the levator ani, and the skin between the coccyx and anus.

What are the branches of the sacral sympathetic trunks?

Sacral sympathetic trunks lie on sacral vertebrae and give off branches including gray rami to sacral and coccygeal nerves, sacral splanchnic nerves to the inferior hypogastric plexus and rectum, and branches to the median sacral artery and coccygeal body.

Pelvic Nerves – Sacral Plexus & Autonomics

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