What are the main differences between the male and female urethra?

The male urethra is longer (18–20 cm) and has three parts: prostatic, membranous, and spongy. It transmits both urine and semen. The female urethra is short (~4 cm), embedded in the anterior vaginal wall, and only transmits urine.

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

The male urethra consists of three anatomical parts: the prostatic part (3 cm, widest and most dilatable), the membranous part (1.5–2 cm, narrowest and least dilatable), and the spongy part (15 cm, within the corpus spongiosum).

What are the sphincters of the urethra and how do they function?

The urethra has two sphincters: the internal sphincter (involuntary, at the internal urethral orifice, supplied by sympathetic nerves) and the external sphincter (voluntary, around the membranous urethra, supplied by the pudendal nerve).

Why are females more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Females have a higher risk of UTIs due to their short urethra (~4 cm) and its close proximity to the anus, which facilitates bacterial entry into the urinary tract.

What is hypospadias and what are its types?

Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral opening is ventrally displaced. Types include glandular, balanic, penile, penoscrotal, and perineal.

What are the clinical considerations for urethral catheterization?

Catheterization requires careful alignment and positioning to avoid urethral injury or creating a false passage. In females, it is generally easier due to the short, straight urethra.

What glands are associated with the female urethra?

The female urethra has associated glands including urethral glands (small, tubular), paraurethral glands (Skene, larger and near the upper part), and lacunae (small mucosal recesses).

Urethra – Male vs Female Parts & Sphincters

❓ Frequently Asked Questions