Evidence-based case review of reported right vertebral arteries arising from the right common carotid artery, integrating systematic data on origin prevalence, arch patterns and transverse foramen entry levels.

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Narrative Review

CA-NR-251102

Nov 2025

Endoscopic vs Open Surgical Anatomy: Do We Teach the Wrong Landmarks?

Editorial commentary on how traditional open-surgery landmarks fail modern endoscopic and minimally invasive practice, and what anatomy teaching must change.

Prevalence of Sphenoid Sinus Anatomical Variants in Endoscopic Skull-Base Surgery

Meta-analysis style synthesis of sphenoid sinus pneumatization, septation and neurovascular variants relevant to endoscopic skull-base surgery.

The Problem With Calling Rare Variants ‘Rare’: A Data-Driven Perspective

Editorial on why labelling anatomical variants as 'rare' can mislead surgeons and educators when meta-analytic data show many are common, predictable patterns.

Sciatic Nerve–Piriformis Relationship Variations and Their Clinical Implications

An evidence-based meta-analysis–style synthesis of anatomical variations in the relationship between the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle, their prevalence across populations, and clinical implications for piriformis syndrome, hip surgery, and regional anesthesia.

Accessory Belly of the Biceps Brachii Identified During Cadaveric Dissection: A Literature-Based Case Review

Case-review style synthesis of accessory (supernumerary) biceps brachii bellies, integrating cadaveric reports, clinical entrapment cases and quantitative prevalence data.

Should Medical Schools Require Population-Specific Anatomical Curricula?

Editorial-style, evidence-informed argument that modern anatomy teaching should integrate population-specific variation rather than relying on a single universal model.

Case Review: Accessory Spleen Adjacent to the Tail of the Pancreas

Review of all documented cases of accessory spleens adjacent to the pancreatic tail across radiological, surgical, and pathological literature.

Brachial Plexus Variants – Roots, Trunks and Cords Meta-analysis

Evidence-based synthesis of supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus variants, with pooled prevalence of prefixed/postfixed roots, trunk formation patterns, cord morphology and clinically important branching anomalies.

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