What are the three main arches of the hand?

The hand has three flexible bony arches: the transverse carpal arch (formed by carpal bones and flexor retinaculum), the transverse metacarpal arch (formed by metacarpal heads), and the longitudinal arch (created by metacarpals and digits).

What is the function of the arches in the hand?

The arches create a hollow palmar surface for secure grasping, with more prominent arches leading to a more effective grip. They are maintained and adjusted by muscles like the thenar, hypothenar, and palmaris brevis.

How do the arches affect grip strength?

A more prominent arch profile enhances grip strength by allowing better object contact and control. Conversely, a flattened palm from arch abnormalities results in weak grip strength.

What muscles help maintain the arches of the hand?

Key muscles include the thenar and hypothenar muscles (for thumb and little finger movements) and the palmaris brevis (which assists in adjusting the arch profile).

What happens if the carpal arch is disrupted?

Loss of the carpal arch, often from trauma or surgical division of the flexor retinaculum, severely impairs thumb function and grip, compromising overall hand dexterity.

What are common causes of arch abnormalities in the hand?

Arch abnormalities can result from trauma (e.g., to carpal bones) or surgical procedures like division of the flexor retinaculum, leading to issues like a flattened palm and reduced grip.

Why is the longitudinal arch important for hand function?

The longitudinal arch, formed by the natural curve of metacarpals and digits, contributes to the hand's flexibility and ability to conform to objects, aiding in precise grasping and manipulation.

Hand Arches – Transverse & Longitudinal Explained

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