What is the clavicle and what is its main function?

The clavicle, or collar bone, is a horizontally placed S-shaped long bone that connects the axial skeleton to the upper limb. Its main functions are to act as a strut for arm movement, transmit forces from the limb to the trunk, and provide muscle attachments for shoulder mobility.

Where does the clavicle articulate?

The clavicle articulates at two major joints: the acromioclavicular joint (lateral end) with the acromion of the scapula, and the sternoclavicular joint (medial end) with the manubrium of the sternum.

Which muscles attach to the clavicle?

Key muscle attachments include the deltoid and trapezius on the lateral one-third, and pectoralis major, sternohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and subclavius on the medial two-thirds.

Why is the clavicle so prone to fractures?

The clavicle is the most frequently fractured long bone, often at the junction of its middle and lateral thirds due to falls on an outstretched hand or direct trauma. Its subcutaneous position and role in force transmission make it vulnerable.

How do you determine the side of a clavicle?

To determine the side, hold it horizontally with the flattened end laterally and quadrangular end medially. The medial two-thirds curve anteriorly (convex), and the lateral one-third curves posteriorly (concave), with the inferior groove facing downward.

What are some unique anatomical features of the clavicle?

Unique features include being the only long bone to lie horizontally, lacking a medullary cavity, being fully subcutaneous, and being the first bone to ossify in fetal life, with fusion completing by age 25.

What are common clinical conditions associated with the clavicle?

Common conditions include fractures and congenital anomalies like clavicular dysostosis (failure of ossification center union) and cleidocranial dysostosis (partial or complete absence of the clavicle).

Clavicle Anatomy – Parts, Muscle Attachments & Fractures

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