What are the main muscles in the pectoral region?

The main pectoral muscles are the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior. They connect the upper limb to the thoracic skeleton and are vital for shoulder movement and scapular stabilization.

What is the primary action of the pectoralis major muscle?

The pectoralis major primarily adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Its clavicular part also flexes the shoulder, while the sternocostal part extends a flexed arm.

Where does the pectoralis minor muscle insert?

The pectoralis minor inserts onto the medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.

Why is the serratus anterior called the 'boxer's muscle'?

It's nicknamed the 'boxer's muscle' because it protracts the scapula (pulls it forward), which is crucial for punching and pushing movements.

What causes winging of the scapula?

Winging of the scapula is caused by paralysis of the serratus anterior due to injury to the long thoracic nerve. This prevents the muscle from holding the scapula against the thoracic wall.

What is Poland syndrome?

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by partial or complete absence of the pectoralis major muscle on one side. It may be associated with hand deformities like syndactyly on the same side.

How can the pectoralis minor contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome?

The pectoralis minor can compress the brachial plexus cords or axillary vessels when hypertrophied or inflamed, potentially contributing to thoracic outlet syndrome.

Pectoral Muscles Anatomy – Pectoralis Major & Minor

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