What are the main superficial veins of the upper limb?

The main superficial veins are the cephalic vein (on the radial side), basilic vein (on the medial side), and the median cubital vein (connecting them at the elbow). They originate from the dorsal venous arch on the hand and are accessible for medical procedures.

Where is the median cubital vein located and why is it important clinically?

It is located in the cubital fossa at the elbow, superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. Clinically, it is the most common site for venipuncture due to its accessibility, stability, and underlying support.

How do the cephalic and basilic veins differ in their clinical uses?

Cephalic vein: Preferred for hemodialysis access or venous cut-down in the deltopectoral groove. Basilic vein: Preferred for cardiac catheterization due to its straight path to the axillary and central veins.

What are the deep veins of the upper limb and how do they connect?

Deep veins include venae comitantes (paired veins alongside arteries), which join to form the brachial veins. These merge with the basilic vein to form the axillary vein, which continues as the subclavian vein.

What is the dorsal venous arch and what does it drain?

It is located on the dorsum of the hand, about 2–3 cm proximal to the metacarpal heads. It drains blood from the dorsal metacarpal veins, dorsal digital veins (of the thumb, index, and little fingers), and perforating veins from the palm.

Why is the cephalic vein not ideal for catheterization?

It is not ideal due to its smaller diameter, a right-angled junction with the axillary vein, and potential division near the clavicle, which can complicate procedures.

What are the common venous patterns at the elbow?

Two main patterns exist: H-shaped, where the median cubital vein directly connects the cephalic and basilic veins, and M-shaped, where the median vein of forearm divides into median cephalic and median basilic veins.

Venous Drainage of Upper Limb – Superficial & Deep Veins

❓ Frequently Asked Questions