Skeletal Anatomy Hub
Bones, joints, and skeletal foundations organized for rapid revision.
Skeletal Anatomy Hub
Embryology
Development of cartilage and bone, vertebral column, ribs/sternum, skull, and limbs.
Bone & Cartilage Development – Ossification Types
Learn how cartilage and bone develop from mesenchyme. This guide covers both membranous ossification (flat bones) and endochondral ossification (long bones).
Vertebral Column Development – Sclerotomes & Resegmentation
An overview of how the vertebral column develops from sclerotomes, including the resegmentation process that allows muscles to span between vertebrae.
Ribs & Sternum Development – Thoracic Cage
An overview of the development of the ribs from costal processes and the sternum from paired sternal bars that fuse in the midline to form the thoracic cage.
Skull Development – Neurocranium & Viscerocranium
An overview of skull development, detailing the formation of the neurocranium (cranial vault and base) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) from different sources.
Limb Development – Buds, AER & Rotation
An overview of limb development, from the appearance of limb buds and the role of the AER, to the 90-degree rotation that sets the final limb orientation.
Fundamentals
Skeleton and joints basics: types, structure, repair, classification, and biomechanics.
Human Skeleton – Axial vs Appendicular Explained
An overview of the human skeleton, divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).
Bone Anatomy – Structure, Types & Functions
A detailed look at bone as a dynamic tissue. Learn its microscopic structure, classification by shape and development, and functions in support and hematopoiesis.
Joints (Articulations) – Classification & Types
An introduction to arthrology, covering the functional (synarthroses, amphiarthroses) and structural (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) classifications of joints.
Fibrous Joints – Sutures, Syndesmosis & Gomphosis
A closer look at the types of immovable fibrous joints, including the sutures of the skull, the syndesmosis of the forearm, and the gomphosis of the teeth.
Cartilaginous Joints – Synchondrosis vs Symphysis
Understanding primary (synchondrosis) and secondary (symphysis) cartilaginous joints, their structure, and their role in providing strength with flexibility.
All Bones of Body
High-yield bone anatomy organized by head, neck, thorax, limbs, and vertebral column.
Skull Anatomy – Cranial Bones vs Facial Bones
An overview of the 22 bones of the skull, divided into the neurocranium (protecting the brain) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton), joined by immovable sutures.
Skull Cap (Calvaria) – Layers & Vascular Grooves
An overview of the calvaria (skull cap), its three-layered structure (outer table, diploë, inner table), and the internal grooves for meningeal vessels.
Skull Foramina – Cranial Nerves & Vessels Guide
A guide to the major foramina, canals, and fissures of the skull base, such as the foramen magnum and jugular foramen, and the vital structures passing through.
Mandible Anatomy – Parts, Muscle Attachments & Fractures
A detailed look at the mandible, the only movable bone of the skull. Learn its parts (body, ramus), muscle attachments, and common fracture sites.
Maxilla Anatomy – Processes & Le Fort Fractures
An overview of the maxilla, the keystone bone of the face, detailing its body, four processes (frontal, zygomatic, palatine, alveolar), and role in Le Fort fractures.
All Joints of Body
Regional joint anatomy including TMJ, limb joints, thoracic joints, and key complexes.
TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) – Anatomy, Movements & Issues
An overview of the TMJ, a complex synovial joint. Learn its structure, articular disc, ligaments, and movements including depression, elevation, and protrusion.
Neck Joints – Atlanto-Occipital & Atlanto-Axial Anatomy
An overview of the cervical spine joints, focusing on the specialized craniovertebral joints (atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial) that allow head nodding and rotation.
Joints of Thorax – Costovertebral, Sternocostal & More
An overview of the articulations of the thoracic cage, including the costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, and manubriosternal joints.
Shoulder Joint Anatomy – Ligaments, Movements & Dislocation
A detailed look at the shoulder joint. Learn about its high mobility, the rotator cuff, ligaments, and clinical issues like dislocation and impingement.
Acromioclavicular Joint Anatomy – Ligaments & Stability
A detailed overview of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, a plane synovial joint. Learn about its key stabilizing ligaments and its role in shoulder movement.