Neuroanatomy Hub
A structured, exam-oriented guide to central and peripheral neuroanatomy.
Neuroanatomy Hub
Cerebrum
Higher brain functions including cognition, voluntary movement, and conscious sensory processing.
Cerebrum – Lobes, Hemispheres & Basal Nuclei
An overview of the cerebrum, the largest part of the brain, detailing its two hemispheres, four major lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), and sulci/gyri.
Cerebral Hemispheres – Lobes, Sulci & Gyri
An overview of the external features of the cerebral hemispheres, including their three surfaces, lobes, and the complex pattern of sulci and gyri.
Cerebral Cortex Functional Areas – Brodmann Basics
An overview of the key functional areas of the cerebral cortex, including the primary motor, somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices, and language centers.
Cerebral White Matter – Association, Commissural, Projection
An overview of the cerebral white matter, detailing the association, commissural (corpus callosum), and projection fibers (internal capsule) that connect the brain.
Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) – Anatomy & Motor Control
An overview of the basal nuclei, including the corpus striatum, and their crucial role in modulating voluntary movement, muscle tone, and procedural learning.
Diencephalon & Cerebellum
Sensory relay, autonomic integration, and fine-tuning of coordinated movements.
Diencephalon – Thalamus & Hypothalamus Explained
An overview of the diencephalon, the central core of the forebrain, covering the thalamus (sensory relay) and hypothalamus (homeostatic control).
Cerebellum – Lobes, Functions & Clinical Signs
A comprehensive overview of the cerebellum ('little brain'), detailing its lobes, functional subdivisions, internal nuclei, and key clinical signs of dysfunction.
Brainstem
Vital autonomic centers and cranial nerve nuclei connecting brain and spinal cord.
Brainstem – Midbrain, Pons & Medulla Overview
An introduction to the brainstem, which connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord. Learn about its three components and their vital autonomic and pathway functions.
Medulla Oblongata – Anatomy, Nuclei & Syndromes
An overview of the medulla oblongata, the lowest part of the brainstem, detailing its external features (pyramids, olives), internal nuclei, and major clinical syndromes.
Pons – Anatomy, CN Nuclei & Pontine Syndromes
An overview of the pons, the 'bridge' of the brainstem, covering its ventral (basilar) and dorsal (tegmental) parts, cranial nerve nuclei, and key fiber tracts.
Midbrain – Colliculi, Crura & Substantia Nigra
An exploration of the midbrain, detailing its external features (crura cerebri, colliculi) and key internal structures like the red nucleus and substantia nigra.
Reticular Formation – ARAS, Alertness & Autonomics
An overview of the reticular formation, the functional core of the brainstem, detailing its role in consciousness (ARAS) and autonomic regulation (DRS).
Ventricles & Meninges
The protective fluid systems and membranes that cushion and nourish the central nervous system.
Base of Brain – Ventral Anatomy & Cranial Nerve Attachments
An overview of the ventral surface of the brain, highlighting the interpeduncular fossa, mammillary bodies, and the superficial attachments of the 12 cranial nerves.
Brain Ventricles – CSF Production & Circulation
An overview of the ventricular system, including the two lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, and the circulation pathway of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Lateral Ventricles – Horns, Boundaries & Choroid Plexus
An overview of the paired, C-shaped lateral ventricles, detailing their parts (anterior, posterior, inferior horns, central part), boundaries, and choroid plexus.
Third Ventricle – Boundaries & Recesses
An overview of the third ventricle, the narrow midline cavity of the diencephalon, detailing its boundaries, floor, roof, and clinically important recesses.
Fourth Ventricle – Rhomboid Fossa & Apertures
An overview of the fourth ventricle, the tent-shaped cavity of the hindbrain, detailing its roof, apertures (Magendie, Luschka), and floor (rhomboid fossa).
Cranial Nerves
Twelve paired nerves responsible for sensory and motor innervation of the head and neck.
12 Cranial Nerves – Names, Types & Functions Overview
An introduction to the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, their classification as motor, sensory, or mixed, and their seven distinct functional components.
Olfactory Nerve (CN I) – Smell Pathway & Anatomy
A guide to the olfactory nerve (CN I), a unique sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell. Learn its pathway from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb.
Optic Nerve (CN II) – Visual Pathway & Clinical
An overview of the optic nerve (CN II), a brain tract responsible for vision. Learn about the visual pathway, optic chiasm, and conditions like papilledema.
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) – Eye Movements & Pupillary Reflex
A guide to the oculomotor nerve (CN III), detailing its motor control of most extraocular muscles and its parasympathetic function in pupillary constriction.
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) – Superior Oblique Function
An overview of the trochlear nerve (CN IV), the slenderest cranial nerve, which innervates the superior oblique muscle for downward and lateral eye movements.
Spinal Cord
Ascending and descending pathways linking the brain with the body.
Vertebral Canal & Spinal Meninges – Anatomy & Lumbar Cistern
An overview of the vertebral canal, its contents including the spinal cord and meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia), and the clinical use of the lumbar cistern.
Spinal Cord – Grey Matter, White Columns & Major Tracts
Explore the spinal cord's structure, from its grey matter horns to the white matter columns containing major ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts.
Brainstem Functional Columns – Development & Nuclei Layout
An overview of how the alar (sensory) and basal (motor) laminae of the neural tube differentiate to form the seven functional columns of the brainstem.
Blood Supply
Arterial and venous systems maintaining metabolic support of neural tissue.
Brain Arteries – Circle of Willis & Major Territories
An overview of the brain's arterial supply, focusing on the Circle of Willis, its contributing vertebral and internal carotid arteries, and cortical distribution.
Brain Veins – Cerebral Veins & Dural Sinuses
An overview of the brain's venous drainage, covering the superficial and deep cerebral veins and their pathways into the major dural venous sinuses.
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Nervous System Hub
Organization of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
Head Anatomy Hub
Cranial bones, face, orbit, nasal cavity, oral cavity, and related neurovascular anatomy.
Neck Anatomy Hub
Triangles, fascia, vessels, nerves, viscera, and clinical anatomy of the neck.