Abdomen Anatomy Hub
A structured, region-wise exploration of abdominal anatomy with strong clinical and surgical relevance.
Abdomen Anatomy Hub
Bones
Skeletal framework of the posterior abdominal region, centered on the lumbar vertebrae.
Muscles
Musculature of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls involved in posture, respiration, and movement.
Abdominal Wall Muscles – Obliques, Transversus & Rectus
An overview of the five pairs of muscles forming the anterior abdominal wall, including the external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis.
Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles – Psoas, Iliacus & QL
An overview of the three key muscles forming the posterior abdominal wall: psoas major, iliacus (forming iliopsoas), and the quadratus lumborum.
Nerves
Somatic and autonomic nerve supply of the abdominal wall and viscera.
Abdominal Wall Nerves – T7–L1 Innervation
An overview of the nerves innervating the anterior abdominal wall, including the lower intercostal (T7-T11), subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves (L1).
Lumbar Plexus – Posterior Abdominal Wall Nerves
An overview of the lumbar plexus (L1–L4) and its branches, which form within the psoas major muscle to innervate the abdominal wall and lower limb.
Abdominal Autonomics – Sympathetic Chain & Plexuses
An overview of the lumbar sympathetic chain and the major autonomic plexuses (celiac, aortic, hypogastric) that regulate abdominal and pelvic viscera.
Arteries
Major arterial supply of the abdomen including the abdominal aorta and its branches.
Abdominal Wall Arteries – Epigastric & Circumflex Iliac
An overview of the deep arterial supply to the anterior abdominal wall, featuring the superior and inferior epigastric and the deep circumflex iliac arteries.
Abdominal Aorta – Course, Branches & Levels
An overview of the abdominal aorta, detailing its course from T12 to L4 and its major unpaired ventral (celiac, SMA, IMA) and paired lateral branches.
SMA & IMA – Mesenteric Vessels of Midgut and Hindgut
An overview of the superior (SMA) and inferior (IMA) mesenteric arteries and veins, which supply the embryonic midgut and hindgut derivatives, respectively.
Veins
Venous drainage of the abdomen including systemic and portal venous systems.
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) – Course & Tributaries
Explore the anatomy of the inferior vena cava (IVC), the largest vein in the body, including its course, major tributaries, and relations in the abdomen.
Portal Vein – Formation, Tributaries & Portocaval Sites
An overview of the portal vein, which carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver. Learn its formation, tributaries, and key sites of portocaval anastomoses.
Lymphatics
Lymphatic drainage pathways of the posterior abdominal wall and abdominal organs.
Fascia
Superficial and deep fascial layers of the abdominal wall and posterior region.
Superficial Fascia of Abdomen – Camper’s & Scarpa’s
An overview of the two-layered superficial fascia of the lower abdomen: the superficial fatty layer (Camper's) and the deep membranous layer (Scarpa's).
Transversalis Fascia – Anatomy & Inguinal Relevance
An overview of the fascia transversalis, the thin fascial layer lining the transversus abdominis muscle, and its role in forming the deep inguinal ring.
Thoracolumbar Fascia – Layers & Attachments
An overview of the thoracolumbar fascia, a complex fascial sheet in the posterior trunk that encases the deep back muscles and serves as an attachment site.
Abdominal Wall & Cavity
Structural organization of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, cavity, and peritoneal spaces.
Anterior Abdominal Wall Layers – Skin to Peritoneum
A guide to the eight distinct layers forming the anterior abdominal wall, including the skin, superficial fascia (Camper's and Scarpa's), muscles, and peritoneum.
Umbilicus & Abdominal Skin – Anatomy & Clinical Notes
An overview of the anterior abdominal wall's skin and the umbilicus, a key landmark with deep embryological and clinical significance for portocaval anastomoses.
Rectus Sheath – Formation, Layers & Contents
An overview of the rectus sheath, the aponeurotic envelope for the rectus abdominis muscle, detailing its formation at different levels and its key contents.
Inguinal Ligament – Anatomy, Extensions & Subinguinal Space
An overview of the inguinal ligament, the rolled-under edge of the external oblique aponeurosis, and its extensions like the lacunar and pectineal ligaments.
Inguinal Canal – Boundaries, Contents & Hernias
A detailed guide to the inguinal canal, its deep and superficial rings, boundaries, and contents (spermatic cord/round ligament), with a focus on hernia formation.
Surface Anatomy
Surface landmarks of the abdomen used for clinical examination and procedures.
Digestive & Associated Organs
Abdominal organs of digestion including foregut, midgut, hindgut, and accessory organs.
Abdominal Esophagus – Relations & Clinical Relevance
An overview of the short (1.25 cm) abdominal segment of the esophagus, detailing its position, peritoneal relations, and clinical correlations like esophageal varices.
Stomach Anatomy – Parts, Relations & Blood Supply
A detailed guide to the stomach, covering its J-shape, parts (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus), relations to the 'stomach bed,' and rich arterial blood supply.
Duodenum Anatomy – 4 Parts, Relations & Major Papilla
A guide to the C-shaped duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Learn its four parts, relations to the pancreas, and key internal features like the major papilla.
Jejunum vs Ileum – Key Differences & Blood Supply
An overview of the jejunum and ileum, the primary sites for nutrient absorption. Learn their key structural differences, blood supply, and mesentery attachments.
Large Intestine – Parts & Key Features (Teniae, Haustra)
An overview of the large intestine, covering its parts (cecum, colon, rectum) and its three cardinal features: teniae coli, haustra, and appendices epiploicae.
Urinary System
Kidneys, ureters, and their anatomical relations within the abdomen.
Kidney Anatomy – Location, Coverings & Internal Structure
A comprehensive guide to the kidney, the bean-shaped retroperitoneal organ. Explore its location, coverings (Gerota's fascia), and internal structure (cortex, medulla).
Ureter – Course, 3 Constrictions & Stone Sites
An overview of the ureter, the muscular tube carrying urine to the bladder. Learn its abdominal and pelvic course and the three common sites of stone obstruction.
Suprarenal Glands
Anatomy and relations of the adrenal (suprarenal) glands.
Explore Related Anatomy Hubs
Pelvis & Perineum Hub
Pelvic organs, vessels, nerves, perineum, and anatomical support structures.
Digestive System Hub
Integrated anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs.
Urinary System Hub
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and functional urinary anatomy.