Reproductive Anatomy Hub
A structured, exam-oriented guide to male and female reproductive anatomy.
Reproductive Anatomy Hub
Embryology
Development of gonads, ducts, external genitalia, and descent.
Gonadal Development – Sex Determination & Differentiation
An overview of genital system development, from the indifferent gonad to the differentiation of testes (SRY gene) or ovaries based on genetic sex (XX/XY).
Genital Ducts – Wolffian vs Müllerian Derivatives
An overview of how the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts form the male genital tract and the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts form the female reproductive tract.
External Genitalia – Development in Male & Female
An overview of external genitalia development, from the indifferent stage to the differentiation of the penis and scrotum (male) or clitoris and labia (female).
Gonadal Descent – Testes, Ovaries & Gubernaculum
An overview of the descent of the testes into the scrotum and the ovaries into the pelvis, guided by the gubernaculum, and the clinical anomalies that can result.
Fundamentals
Male and female reproductive system overviews.
Male Reproductive System – Anatomy & Function
An overview of the male reproductive organs, including the testes for sperm production, the duct system (epididymis, vas deferens), and accessory glands.
Female Reproductive System – Anatomy & Function
An overview of the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus for fetal development, and the vagina and external genitalia.
Male Organs
Male genital organs and clinically important structures.
Male Genital Organs – External vs Internal Anatomy
An overview of the male genital organs, categorized into the external genitalia (penis and scrotum) and the internal reproductive structures (testes, ducts, glands).
Scrotum – Layers, Fascia & Thermoregulation
An overview of the scrotum, the cutaneous sac housing the testes, detailing its layers (including the dartos muscle) and its role in testicular temperature regulation.
Testis – Structure, Vessels & Clinical Notes
An overview of the testis, the male gonad, covering its structure (seminiferous tubules), tunics, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and clinical conditions.
Epididymis – Parts, Function & Sperm Maturation
An overview of the epididymis, the comma-shaped duct on the testis, detailing its head, body, and tail, and its crucial function in sperm maturation and storage.
Testis Descent – Development & Anomalies
An overview of the embryological development of the testis and epididymis, covering their descent from the abdomen and clinical anomalies like cryptorchidism.
Female Organs
Female reproductive organs and key regional anatomy.
Ovary Anatomy – Location, Blood Supply & Function
An overview of the ovaries, the female gonads, covering their location in the ovarian fossa, structure, dual blood supply, and role in ovulation and hormone production.
Uterine Tube – Parts & Ectopic Pregnancy
An overview of the uterine tube, detailing its parts (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus), role in fertilization, and the clinical risk of salpingitis and ectopic pregnancy.
Uterus – Anatomy, Ligaments, Support & Prolapse
A comprehensive guide to the uterus, covering its anteverted/anteflexed position, ligaments (broad, round), supports, and clinical relevance in prolapse and fibroids.
Vagina – Anatomy, Relations, Fornices & Exam
An overview of the vagina, the fibromuscular canal, detailing its structure, relations to the bladder and rectum, fornices, and its clinical role in examination.
Vulva – Labia, Clitoris, Vestibule & Glands
An overview of the female external genitalia (vulva), including the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, and the vestibule with its associated glands.
Perineum
Perineum overview plus urogenital and anal triangles.
Perineum – Urogenital vs Anal Triangle Anatomy
An overview of the perineum, the diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into the anterior urogenital triangle and the posterior anal triangle.
Urogenital Triangle – Pouches, Membrane & Perineal Body
An overview of the urogenital triangle, detailing its superficial and deep perineal pouches, the perineal membrane, and the clinically vital perineal body.
Anal Triangle – Ischioanal Fossa & Pudendal Canal
An overview of the anal triangle, featuring the fat-filled ischiorectal fossa, the anal canal, and the pudendal canal (Alcock's canal) containing the pudendal nerve.
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